Designers looking to build more advanced systems operating at higher data rates and bandwidths tend to rely on materials with low dielectric constant values, i.e., low-Dk materials. It has gotten to the point where every high-speed PCB design guide implies that high-speed and RF designs will not function without a low-Dk material like Rogers or Arlon. The reality is that … [Read more...]
Exodus 18.0-26.5GHz, 400-Watt SSPA, Another Industry First!
Exodus Advanced Communications' 18.0-26.5GHz, 400W Solid State Amp is another industry first! Designed for High Field Level EMC Testing, MIL-STD-461 (RS103) standards as well as other High-Power Applications, Exodus Model AMP4065LC-400 provides outstanding power/gain flatness, Forward/Reflected power monitoring in both dBm & Watts, VSWR, voltage/current and temperature … [Read more...]
Essential Performance for Medical Products
Introduction Essential Performance has been a mysterious term ever since its introduction in International Standard IEC 60601-1-2 in 2001. Essential Performance is not unique to IEC 60601-1-2, but originates in the general standard, IEC 60601-1, and is used throughout all the collateral and part 2 standards of the IEC 60601 family of standards for medical electric equipment, … [Read more...]
Static Control Resilient Flooring Qualification Procedures Ensure Space and Defense ESD Compliance Pt. 1
Due to the rapid densification of ESD sensitive devices (ESDS), static control resilient flooring (ESD flooring) has found its way into FAA towers, operating room theatres, MRI/CT scan flooring areas, aircraft terminals, IT data centers, Navy ships, space & defense flight lines, call centers, medical device manufacturing, pharmaceutical delivery and the … [Read more...]
Using a TEM Cell for Radiated Emissions and Immunity Troubleshooting
Many companies would welcome a full EMC compliance test chamber if it weren’t for budget and real estate considerations. Yet, they would like the opportunity to develop a low-cost troubleshooting solution for assessing radiated emissions and radiated immunity prior to going off for formal compliance testing. While I’ve written many articles [References 1 to 8] on how to … [Read more...]
Guide to Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers: Definitions
This is Part 2 in a series of articles which review the basics of conventional swept versus real-time spectrum analyzers and highlight some of the recent advances and instrument form-factors. Read Part 1, Guide to Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers: Types, here. Introduction There are several terms that are important when evaluating real-time spectrum analyzers. Some of these … [Read more...]
Advantages of Using a Pre-Certified Radio Frequency Module in an IoT Application
Learn the benefits of using a pre-certified radio frequency (RF) module in the design phase when building a new IoT application, and learn the implications in EMC and Radio certifications. The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the quantity and manner in which we exchange and store information. Historically, people exchanged information through reading and … [Read more...]
Millimeter Wave Applications and Promise
Imagine a radio frequency wavelength about the thickness of your pinky nail. This is a new area for technology applications. A growing area in spectrum development is exploding. For many decades, very high frequencies (millimeter waves) have been the playground of radio-astronomers to image our solar system, stars, and galaxies. This space is “new” fertile ground for sensing … [Read more...]
Design for Compliance Essentials
INTRODUCTION While unrealistic to discuss all aspects of product design in a single article, I’ll try to describe the most common design issues I find in the hundreds of client products I’ve had a chance to work on. These issues generally include PC board design, cables, shielding, and filtering. More detailed information may be found in the Reference section below. As … [Read more...]
SI Metrics That Have Taken Us to 224G
In the world of signal integrity, we rely on many important metrics to qualify high-speed channel designs, both before prototyping and during prototype testing. There is a common group of signal integrity metrics that appear in high-speed digital interface standards and which need to be implemented in printed circuit boards and packages. These signal integrity metrics … [Read more...]
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