Every day, more and more objects are getting connected, building local networks and connecting to the Internet. While the development of new connected devices has never been as accessible as it is today, there are still many questions around how to legally bring Internet of Things (IoT) devices to the market. This article aims to clarify the process of … [Read more...]
Standards
Science Fiction from Childhood is Now a Reality. Thank You, EMC.
I grew up in the 90s in a small town in West Virginia. Everybody knew each other, everybody knew each other’s kids, and all of the kids spent time at each other’s houses in the summertime. When the heat and humidity turned oppressive, we’d spend the middle of the day inside, playing video games, listening to music, reading comic books, or trading baseball cards. … [Read more...]
How to Not Die in an EMC Lab
There are risks in every work environment: risks to humans, risks to equipment, risks to things you might be testing, and risks to customers’ equipment. Such is the case in an EMC lab, which is typically an ever-changing environment with moving parts, equipment, people, and projects. From day to day, EMI personnel can be working on military equipment worth millions of … [Read more...]
Waveguide Insights: Understanding Rectangular and Double-Ridge Designs for Enhanced RF Systems
OVERVIEW This App-Note provides a thorough examination of rectangular and double-ridge waveguides, highlighting their design, operating principles, advantages, and applications. It details specifications and power-handling considerations essential for RF systems. Waveguides are crucial in microwave engineering, offering low-loss, high-efficiency transmission for … [Read more...]
CubeSats Require Special ESD Handling Protocols for Launch Integrity — Part I
Figure 1: Tu-Pod in Space (Courtesy Amin Djamshidpour, Co-Founder Teton Aerospace) CubeSats are relatively inexpensive when compared to traditional vehicle-size satellites. Since their inception, CubeSat spacecraft have shown functional success rates ranging from 40% to 75% for launch and deployment phases. According to the International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, … [Read more...]
Regulatory Lunch Break: Alphabet Soup
Over several decades, the FCC, the US Trade Representative, Department of Commerce (NIST) and the Industry (TCB Council, ACIL, Private Labs, including WLL) have been involved with opening up regulatory trade arrangements under the guise of “Mutual Recognition Arrangements” (MRAs). The purpose of MRAs is to even the playing ground for labs and their industrial clientele. In the … [Read more...]
Skip-Layer Routing for High Bandwidth Channels
As we have seen from discussions on chiplets and their routing standards in substrates, many of the routing techniques used in PCBs also apply in packaging. Microstrip and stripline structures can both be used in IC substrates, and the design approach is basically the same as in PCBs. This routing is fine for the majority of digital interfaces, but when we get to wideband … [Read more...]
Essential Performance for Medical Products
Introduction Essential Performance has been a mysterious term ever since its introduction in International Standard IEC 60601-1-2 in 2001. Essential Performance is not unique to IEC 60601-1-2, but originates in the general standard, IEC 60601-1, and is used throughout all the collateral and part 2 standards of the IEC 60601 family of standards for medical electric equipment, … [Read more...]
Using a TEM Cell for Radiated Emissions and Immunity Troubleshooting
Many companies would welcome a full EMC compliance test chamber if it weren’t for budget and real estate considerations. Yet, they would like the opportunity to develop a low-cost troubleshooting solution for assessing radiated emissions and radiated immunity prior to going off for formal compliance testing. While I’ve written many articles [References 1 to 8] on how to … [Read more...]
Advantages of Using a Pre-Certified Radio Frequency Module in an IoT Application
Learn the benefits of using a pre-certified radio frequency (RF) module in the design phase when building a new IoT application, and learn the implications in EMC and Radio certifications. The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the quantity and manner in which we exchange and store information. Historically, people exchanged information through reading and … [Read more...]
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