As the semiconductor industry embraces the chiplet design approach, electrical engineers are witnessing a significant shift in how performance, cost efficiency, and scalability are achieved. While this modular design philosophy offers advantages, it also introduces challenges to signal integrity (SI). For EMI/EMC engineers, the awareness of these signal integrity challenges is … [Read more...]
Some of the Many Stories of Medical EMI
Introduction I have been collecting stories about EMI for a long time, publishing many of them in the ‘Banana Skins’ column of The EMC Journal, www.theemcjournal.com. Some come from official reports, some from anonymous whistleblowers, some are amusing, and some concern deaths and injuries. At the present time, I have published 855 of them, all indexed by application and by … [Read more...]
Static Control Resilient Flooring Qualification Procedures Ensure Space and Defense ESD Compliance Pt. 2
This article is the second and final part of Static Control Resilient Flooring Qualification Procedures Ensure Space and Defense ESD Compliance. Read Part 1 here. ANSI/ESD STM97.2 This critical standard test method attests to the static control resilient flooring’s ability to minimize charge buildup and provides the user with traceable data to assign a voltage flooring … [Read more...]
Essential Performance for Medical Products
Introduction Essential Performance has been a mysterious term ever since its introduction in International Standard IEC 60601-1-2 in 2001. Essential Performance is not unique to IEC 60601-1-2, but originates in the general standard, IEC 60601-1, and is used throughout all the collateral and part 2 standards of the IEC 60601 family of standards for medical electric equipment, … [Read more...]
Static Control Resilient Flooring Qualification Procedures Ensure Space and Defense ESD Compliance Pt. 1
Due to the rapid densification of ESD sensitive devices (ESDS), static control resilient flooring (ESD flooring) has found its way into FAA towers, operating room theatres, MRI/CT scan flooring areas, aircraft terminals, IT data centers, Navy ships, space & defense flight lines, call centers, medical device manufacturing, pharmaceutical delivery and the … [Read more...]
Design for Compliance Essentials
INTRODUCTION While unrealistic to discuss all aspects of product design in a single article, I’ll try to describe the most common design issues I find in the hundreds of client products I’ve had a chance to work on. These issues generally include PC board design, cables, shielding, and filtering. More detailed information may be found in the Reference section below. As … [Read more...]
5 Ways to Eliminate Ground Loops — Part 2
As we discussed in Part 1, Ground Loops, while often not obvious, can be a significant source of frustration for system operators and integrators. This phenomenon manifests as unwanted electrical noise – audible hums in speakers, jitter on screens, noisy measurements, and bad measurement data – and it can even lead to unexpected communications loss and equipment … [Read more...]
Demystifying the Math of EMC
As we progress through the fold of technological developments, be it in commercial products, military advancements, automotive electronics, or any of the other industries where electromagnetic devices are developed, EMI will be present and EMC testing will be required. For those technical personnel who are walking into a laboratory for the first time, learning EMC because … [Read more...]
Filter Installation Issues: Input and Output Conductors
Real-life filter performance is totally dependant on how they are installed, especially on the impedance of the RF Reference and the impedance of the method used to electrically bond the filter to its RF Reference. Not only should these impedances be much lower than that of the shunt capacitors in the filters, they should also allow the internal and external CM surface currents … [Read more...]
5 Ways to Eliminate Ground Loops — Part 1
A Brief Introduction Most workers already know that proper grounding is a fundamental safety precaution for all kinds of electrical equipment. However, it’s less well known that while grounding can prevent and resolve many safety and power issues, improper grounding can create problems in data logging, data acquisition, and measurement and control systems. One of the most … [Read more...]
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