Due to the rapid densification of ESD sensitive devices (ESDS), static control resilient flooring (ESD flooring) has found its way into FAA towers, operating room theatres, MRI/CT scan flooring areas, aircraft terminals, IT data centers, Navy ships, space & defense flight lines, call centers, medical device manufacturing, pharmaceutical delivery and … [Read more...]
Using a TEM Cell for Radiated Emissions and Immunity Troubleshooting
Many companies would welcome a full EMC compliance test chamber if it weren’t for budget and real estate considerations. Yet, they would like the opportunity to develop a low-cost troubleshooting solution for assessing radiated emissions and radiated immunity prior to going off for formal compliance testing. While I’ve written many articles [References 1 to 8] on how to … [Read more...]
Guide to Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers: Definitions
This is Part 2 in a series of articles which review the basics of conventional swept versus real-time spectrum analyzers and highlight some of the recent advances and instrument form-factors. Read Part 1, Guide to Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers: Types, here. Introduction There are several terms that are important when evaluating real-time spectrum analyzers. Some of these … [Read more...]
Advantages of Using a Pre-Certified Radio Frequency Module in an IoT Application
Learn the benefits of using a pre-certified radio frequency (RF) module in the design phase when building a new IoT application, and learn the implications in EMC and Radio certifications. The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the quantity and manner in which we exchange and store information. Historically, people exchanged information through reading and … [Read more...]
Millimeter Wave Applications and Promise
Imagine a radio frequency wavelength about the thickness of your pinky nail. This is a new area for technology applications. A growing area in spectrum development is exploding. For many decades, very high frequencies (millimeter waves) have been the playground of radio-astronomers to image our solar system, stars, and galaxies. This space is “new” fertile ground for sensing … [Read more...]
SI Metrics That Have Taken Us to 224G
In the world of signal integrity, we rely on many important metrics to qualify high-speed channel designs, both before prototyping and during prototype testing. There is a common group of signal integrity metrics that appear in high-speed digital interface standards and which need to be implemented in printed circuit boards and packages. These signal integrity metrics … [Read more...]
CubeSats: Flying Above and Within the Fray
All satellites are vulnerable to a wide variety of EMC and environmental effects, from launch to deployment. Of particular concern is the effects of Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) events. These are caused by sun activities that result in waves of cosmic rays and particles and electromagnetic energy. Significant CME events occur in sync with the “11 Year Sunspot Cycle” which, … [Read more...]
Use of Ferrite-Loaded Absorber to Reduce Wireless Self-Interference
Self-generated EMI from DC-DC converters, as well as digital and video processing, has long plagued designers of wireless and IoT devices, especially since physical sizes have trended smaller. The broadband harmonic content often extends up through 1.5 GHz, which includes most wireless protocols, cellular LTE and GPS/GNSS bands. One new mitigation technique I’ve been trying … [Read more...]
What is an EMC Risk Analysis?
Introduction The European EMC Directive (2014/30/EU) was updated in 2014, replacing the old directive (2008/108/EC) and became mandatory from April 2016 for any new product entering the EU from that date onwards. The change of directive was aimed at aligning the wording and terminology to ensure it was consistent with other CE Marking directives and implement standard text … [Read more...]
Measuring Shielding Effectiveness with Two Near Field Probes
Introduction Sometimes you may find yourself needing to make a quick check on the shielding effectiveness (SE) of a material, such as plated plastic or shield gasket material. It’s possible to set up a quick measurement setup using near field probes by using a couple H-field (for magnetic field SE) or E-field (for E-field SE). You’ll also need a spectrum analyzer with … [Read more...]
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