ABSTRACT Circuits are described that effectively protect RF, receiver, analog, and control line input circuits from three types of transient injection, described in DO-160, directly into the input pin of the connector. The goal was to achieve a circuit which would not adversely affect the performance of the RF circuit over an input frequency range of 20MHz to above 1GHz … [Read more...]
The Vital Role Of Simulation For Virtual EMI And EMC Test Environments
Before deploying microwave and millimeter-wave devices and systems within 5G, the Internet of Things (IoT), and high-speed wireless communication, it is essential to predict their performance. This need has increased the demand for virtual test platforms through simulation software. High carrier and system bus frequencies are necessary for high-data-rate communication … [Read more...]
Knee Frequency is A Misleading Bandwidth Metric
INTRODUCTION There is a transmission line critical length rule that is often used in high-speed PCB design by novice engineers. This rule should not be used and is not appropriate for high-speed PCBs. The bandwidth limit of a digital signal or a high-speed digital channel is often used in certain calculations to get estimates of channel behavior. For example, the knee … [Read more...]
Stop Using the Critical Length Rule in High Speed PCB Design
The PCB world is in flux and an inrush of new designers is appearing on the horizon. Unfortunately, marketing material from manufacturers and CAD companies continues to spread outdated design guidelines that are easily misapplied, or they are simply wrong. One of these design rules that appears to be endemic is the critical length rule for transmission lines. This rule is used … [Read more...]
Placing a Metal Plate in Front of a EUT May Not Be Enough to Solve Radiated Emissions Exceedances or Radiated Susceptibility Failures
EXAMPLE OF AN EUT WHICH HAS FAILED RADIATED SUSCEPTIBILITY As described in reference 1, the EUT was exposed to a radiated immunity test at a level of 20V/m. The side which contained a vertical metal plate, with an approximately 0.3m x 0.3m dimension and which was electrically isolated from a metal baseplate failed at 12V/m and 300MHz. On the other sides of the EUT, … [Read more...]
A Short History Of A Few ITEM Issues
1977 My first issue of ITEM (Interference Technology Engineers Master) is from 1977. Was this the first issue of ITEM? No, it was not. However, it was my first issue. Why? I got my start in EMC in 1976 while working for the US Navy and was too late to get the 1976 issue. I graduated from college in 1975 and moved from Code 2330 (Nuclear Controls Engineering Division) at Mare … [Read more...]
UHS: Compact and Powerful SMD Fuse for High Current SELV Applications
Santa Rosa, California – SCHURTER announces the launch of its new UHS, a compact fast-acting SMT fuse designed to safely interrupt high-energy overcurrent in the SELV range. The new UHS is available in six current ratings from 50-100 A at 50 VDC or 32 VDC, with a breaking capacity of up to 2000 A. SELV, which stands for "Safety Extra Low Voltage," may sound straightforward and … [Read more...]
A Novel Concept in Circuit Protection for Avionics and Other Extreme Applications
Santa Rosa, California, – SCHURTER introduces the FRM-A panel mount fuse holder with DRM-A SMT fuse: a small, light, and robust circuit protection solution designed for avionics applications. The extreme-performance circuit protection system is the most compact in its class, measuring <15mm deep behind the panel. The ultra-compact FRM-A fuse holder is originally designed to … [Read more...]
Telecommunication Testing On Relevant RF Components
Introduction The telecom industry has undergone rapid development in the past several decades. Digital communications methods have advanced, requiring increased bandwidth and frequency coverage. This advancement has complicated an RF measurement system’s capability to accurately characterize system components. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) provides modern … [Read more...]
A Simple Guide to Antenna Selection
INTRODUCTION Selecting an antenna for testing can sometimes be straightforward but often requires some specific consideration. One aspect in antenna selection is knowing the intended test frequencies and then selecting a matching antenna. Not all antennas are created equal, and when it comes to frequency different antenna styles perform better at some frequencies and … [Read more...]
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