Studies suggest that models based on only the metallic parts of a vehicle can provide useful data for predicting the electromagnetic performance of complex systems such as vehicles. Alastair R. Ruddle, Ph.D., MIRA Limited, Nuneaton, UK Numerical modeling is an increasingly popular approach for investigating electromagnetic issues in complex systems. Possible applications … [Read more...]
A Short History and Review of Shielded Cables
Effective Shielding prevents interference from entering or emanating from a cable. Don Dodge, Calmont Wire and cable, Inc., Santa Ana, California, USA HISTORY In the late 1800s, as the use of electricity was first being used for communications, interference reared its ugly head. The imperative for some form of mitigation became apparent. The first attempts involved wire … [Read more...]
Properly Applying Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) in a Health Care Facility
Protecting electrical systems within a facility is paramount to ensure equipment operation and longevity. Bryan Cole, Technology Research Council, Nichols, New York, USA Jim Tiesi, Emerson Network Power Surge Protection, Binghamton, New York, USA Surge protective devices (SPDs) are utilized in numerous applications: commercial buildings, telecommunication shelters, industrial … [Read more...]
RF Shielding Materials: An Update on Selection and Cost Consideration
RF gasket selection must be a well-informed decision in the design process. Gary Fenical, Laird Technologies, St. Louis, MD, USA Advances in electronic components continue to occur at a rapid pace, and this ongoing rush means more and more wireless devices, increasing power levels, and higher frequencies. While consumers demand more advanced products with increased features … [Read more...]
RF Emission Reduction Techniques for ARM-Based Microcontroller Applications
A system's immunity can be enhanced without causing any functional drawbacks. Mart Coenen, EMCMCC bv, Eindhoven, the Netherlands INTRODUCTION With today’s digital designs and the time frame available for design-in, electrical system engineers and PCB designers are more or less forced to follow the application concepts provided by embedded device manufacturers. The … [Read more...]
The NRTL Program
A clear understanding of OSHA safety requirements and the objectives of the NRTL program can render the testing and approval process easier for electronics manufacturers. Regan Arndt, TÜV SÜD America, San Diego, California, USA INTRODUCTION The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), an arm of the U.S. Department of Labor, is the primary federal agency … [Read more...]
Regulatory Agencies Upping Enforcement Actions
The FCC carries out random audits of products that have received recent TCB grants. David A. Case NCE, NCT, Cisco, Richfield, Ohio, USA The question that occasionally comes up, generally from someone not familiar with compliance, goes something like, “What will the Federal Communications Commission do to us if we are non-compliant, or how will the agency know?” Both questions … [Read more...]
Increasing Design Flexibility for Board-Level Shielding
Today's consumers want electronic devices in all shapes and sizes, a demand that can dictate the enclosure design and board shape. David P. Donaldson, Applications Engineer, W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Newark, DE, USA As electronic devices are getting smaller and as consumers are demanding more features, designing printed circuit boards (PCBs) is becoming increasingly … [Read more...]
The Institute of Engineering and Technology’s New Guide on EMC for Functional Safety
A brief introduction... Keith Armstrong, Cherry Clough Consultants, Brockton, Stafford, UK This new publication (August 2008) EMC for Functional Safety published by the Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET) replaces the IEE’s 2000 edition. The Guide comprehensively describes practical and cost-effective procedures that can be utilized by both management and … [Read more...]
Inrush Current in DC-DC Converters
Some applications may require limiting the inrush spike into the input capacitors. Steve Butler and Jeremy Ferrell, VPT, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, USA BACKGROUND Inrush current is the spike of current drawn by a power supply when it is turned on. A typical power system is shown in Figure 1. The input EMI filter will include some capacitance connected across the input … [Read more...]
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