George M. Kauffman, P.E. Frequencies above 4.5 GHz are being used in greater number for a wide range of outdoor communications. These uses include critical infrastructure applications where long lifetime and high availability requirements are paramount. In outdoor antenna applications, the exposure to lightning effects must be considered in most locations. When cables … [Read more...]
Reducing High Frequency Ground Currents to Zero
Patented system solution provides a more effective grounding method. Mark Panko Zero Ground LCC, Waukegan, IL, USA Technology and the electrical/electronics industry have changed at a dizzying pace. Among these many changes is the growing use of motors with adjustable speed drives (ASDs) or variable frequency drives (VFDs). An unforeseen consequence of using these efficient … [Read more...]
The FCC Dynamic Frequency Selection Test Procedure
David A. Case NCE, NCT On February 3rd 2006, after three years of work the US ITAC-R group addressing the development of the proposed US DFS test procedure to be used to certify products under FCC Part 15 was completed. This test procedure is milestone in verifying the sharing of the 5GHz band with Radiolocation systems. The work group consisted of Industry experts as well as … [Read more...]
Measuring and Managing Electromagnetic Interference: Selecting the Right Antenna for Your E3 Program
Philip F. Keebler and Kermit O. Phipps EPRI Solutions, Knoxville, TN Bradford R. Connatser WriteNow Communication, Knoxville, TN Introduction What is an E3 program? Outside of the military environment, the National Aeronautical Space Administration (NASA), and the telecommunication industry, the study of electromagnetic environmental effects (E3) and spectral management … [Read more...]
Selecting a Radiated Emissions Test Site
Bob DeLisi Principle Engineer – EMC Underwriters laboratories Inc. Michael Windler Operations Manager NA EMC Underwriters laboratories Inc. Introduction Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing and certification has become an integral part of product regulatory compliance. With the growing number of wireless communications devices being introduced into the RF … [Read more...]
Using A Transmission Line Model To Analyze Shield Current Distribution Resulting From Bulk Current Injection (BCI)
Arthur J. Glazar, Life Senior Member IEEE Background Radio frequency (RF) signal energy is normally confined to the interior of a coaxial cable. RF currents on the surface of a cable shield are undesirable and generally indicate a problem. Shield surface currents can occur as the result of conducted susceptibility (CS) or radiated susceptibility (RS). Whatever their … [Read more...]
Accuracy of Flickermeters – Round Robin Results
Have the new standards improved measurement accuracy? Ken Hall Hewlett Packard, Roseville, CA, USA This article presents the results of an inter-laboratory comparison of a flicker measurement system. In the process of evaluating replacement equipment that met the new international requirements of IEC 61000-3-2,1 harmonics, and IEC 61000-3-3,2 voltage fluctuations commonly … [Read more...]
Options for North American Product Compliance
Jack Black D.L.S. Electronic Systems, Inc. Wheeling, IL Manufacturers and distributors of electronic and electrical devices are required to meet various product safety and EMC standards established by the United States and Canada. They may be asked to show proof of compliance for these products by residential and workplace end-users. Today, there are multiple options for … [Read more...]
Practical Considerations in Upgrading RF Immunity Test Systems to 6 GHz
Pat Moore, MILMEGA Ltd., UK Introduction With the recent release of IEC61000-4-3 Edition 3, many EMC test houses are actively researching the availability of equipment capable of meeting the testing demands presented by the new 6 GHz upper frequency limit. The conventional solution offered by EMC equipment suppliers has several major disadvantages, particularly as regards … [Read more...]
Fibrous Dust Testing – Genesis and Successful Reproduction of a Menace
Testing services and equipment are now available to analyze designs for fibrous dust susceptibility. Dan Willemin Professional Testing Incorporated, Round Rock, TX, USA Accumulations of dusts have always hampered cooling, to some extent, but dusts and electronics cooling problems of the past usually involved industrial or military applications. To understand why dust has … [Read more...]
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