Robert J. Vermillion, RMV Technology Group, LLC, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California USA; Doug Smith, DC Smith Consultants, Los Gatos, California, USA For years, semiconductor and aerospace engineers have fielded questions regarding the suitability of using gelatinous and tacky coated packaging materials for the distribution, storage, and sale of ESD sensitive … [Read more...]
A Time-Domain EMI Measurement System Up to 26.5 GHz with Multichannel APD Measuring Function
I. INTRODUCTION The advances in radio systems in the past and their ongoing progress has been joined by advances in measurement systems and, hence, they require further development of measurement and specification standards. Electric and electronic systems have to be designed and realized such that the escape of unwanted electromagnetic energy into the environment is … [Read more...]
Power Quality and EMC in Smart Grid
Magnus Olofsson, President, Elforsk – Swedish Electrical Utilities’ R & D Company, Stockholm, Sweden The Smart Grid is increasingly seen as a means to facilitate climate friendly renewable energy sources (renewables), and as a way to enable efficient use of electricity. For example, modern electrical networks can link wind- and solar power with electric cars. A consequence … [Read more...]
Swiss Experimental Station on Lightning Research at Mount Säntis
Farhad Rachidi, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland Marcos Rubinstein University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland (HEIG-VD), Yverdon-Les-Bains, Switzerland The problem of lightning electromagnetic disturbances has been undergoing thorough reconsideration for the past few years due to the increasing complexity of electrical power and … [Read more...]
Human-Metal Electrostatic Discharge in IEC, ANSI and MIL Standards
Janusz Baran, Częstochowa University of Technology, Częstochowa, Poland, Jan Sroka, Warsaw University of Technology, IETiSIP, Warsaw, Poland Abstract Simulation of the human-metal electrostatic discharge alters slightly from one to another standard. As a result, setups with different frequency bandwidth are required for the calibration of the ESD simulators. The rule of … [Read more...]
Electromagnetic Interference in the Data Center: To Shield Or Not To Shield
Jordi Ferri, Shielding, Power & Cooling Division Manager, Advanced Shielding Technologies Europe S.L. (AST), Barcelona, Spain INTRODUCTION When designing a data center, many things need to be taken in account. One of them is availability and downtime depending on desired Tier configuration (see Table 1). For Tier III and Tier IV data centers, apart from redundancy of the … [Read more...]
Multi-tone Testing Can Save Both Time and Money
Jason Smith, Manager Applications Engineering; Pat Malloy, Sr., Application Engineer; AR/RF Microwave Instrumentation, Souderton, Pennsylvania, USA Given the huge amount of time required to conduct a radiated immunity test, it is no wonder operators “dream” of ways to improve efficiency to speed up the test. The musings generally go as follows: Can one antenna cover the … [Read more...]
Calibration of Toroidal Current Measurement Probes at High Frequency
Alastair R. Ruddle, Ph.D., MIRA Ltd., Nuneaton, UK Toroidal current transducers are widely used in EMC measurements, both for monitoring currents flowing on single cables or cable bundles and for injecting currents onto such cables or cable bundles. The latter forms the basis of a well-established approach to susceptibility testing (bulk current injection) that is used in the … [Read more...]
EMC Testing above 1 GHz: The Deadline Looms
When first mandated in the 1990s, the stated objective of the EU’s Directive governing EMC was, in broad terms, that commercial and domestic equipment, and certain industrial systems, should neither cause interference or be susceptible to interference. They should not emit radiated or conducted energy at RF frequencies and they should be immune to such emissions, within … [Read more...]
Measurements above 1 GHz in Time-Domain: Theory and Application
Christian Hoffmann, Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Hochfrequenztechnik, Munich, Germany; Stephan Braun, GAUSS Instruments GmbH, Munich, Germany Arnd Frech, GAUSS Instruments GmbH, Munich, Germany; Peter Russer, Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Nanoelektronik, Munich, Germany Time-domain electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurement systems are … [Read more...]
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