The airframe of an aircraft can provide some measure of shielding against high-intensity radiated fields (HIRF), but this is compromised by doors, windows, seams, access panels and components interfaced to the airframe such as antennas used for communication and navigation. Composite materials are increasingly used in aeronautical applications due to their relatively light … [Read more...]
Choosing and Using Silicon Protection Devices
Introduction Correctly choosing an external (off chip) Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) is not as simple as it once was. Integrated Circuit (IC) feature size is shrinking (Figure 1) and more and more inputs are being exposed to the outside world. Portable consumer devices are everywhere and have more functions in smaller and smaller sizes, necessitating smaller and smaller … [Read more...]
Review: TPI-1001-B RF Synthesizer
I recently had the chance to review a new RF signal generator from Trinity Power Inc. Their model TPI-1001-B is much more than just a mere synthesizer. This improved model also includes several modulations as well as scalar analysis (a "poor man's" network analyzer). The product (Figure 1) is available from RF design consultant, Robert Yarbrough … [Read more...]
Input Filters – The Key to Successful EMC Validation
Co-authored by: Ranjith Bramanpalli & Steffen Schulze Würth Elektronik INTRODUCTION Input filters are today as ever a requisite factor for successful EMC validation of switching controllers, irrespective of the size of the AC component involved. Switching controllers create conducted EMC interferences due to AC components in their lines, independent of their individual … [Read more...]
Top Three EMI and Power Integrity Problems with On-Board DC-DC Converters and LDO Regulators
Co-authored by: Kenneth Wyatt and Steve Sandler INTRODUCTION Modern devices are continuing a long-term trend of squeezing more electronics into smaller packages, while also increasing system performance, data rates and operating efficiency. Higher efficiencies are often achieved by implementing faster silicon MOSFETs or even faster eGaN FETs while size is reduced by … [Read more...]
The CE Mark Process for Electronic Hardware Manufacturers
Introduction Navigating the CE Mark process can be a challenge for both startups and experienced manufacturers alike. This article is a guide for hardware manufacturers who want to do all the right things to legally get their product into Europe. Here’s what we’re going to cover: The typical CE Marking process for electronic equipment Outline of the most common … [Read more...]
EMI Troubleshooting – Step-By-Step
In this article, I’ll describe the steps I usually take to troubleshoot the top four EMI issues, conducted emissions, radiated emissions, radiated immunity, and electrostatic discharge. Of these, the last three are the most prevalent issues, with radiated emissions typically being the number one failure. If your product or system (EUT) has adequate power and I/O port filtering, … [Read more...]
HDMI Cables and EMI
As more consumer and commercial products are introduced with High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) cable connections, the resulting EMI issues related to HDMI cable emissions have continued to be problematic for product designers and EMC engineers. It is very common to have one, or more, added HDMI cables cause a product to fail the radiated emissions (RE) test. The … [Read more...]
Troubleshooting ESD in Floating Medical Grade Circuits
Introduction Medical devices must be designed with proper isolation of patients from earth. For that reason all medical products have floating circuits. This means that the circuit ground is isolated from the earth ground. ESD protection in floating circuits with isolated grounds can be very challenging. Sometimes conventional ESD protection methods may not work. It is … [Read more...]
Summary of Commercial EMC Tests
Commercial EMC tests cover a wide range of products. These include the obvious ones like computers and their peripherals, but also cover household appliances, electric tools and a wide variety of other products. While the standards, including limits and test methods may differ, all EMC test standards have a few things in common. The most basic are the limits for emissions … [Read more...]
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