Introduction While unrealistic to discuss all aspects of product design in a single article, I’ll try to describe the most common design issues I find in the hundreds of client products I’ve had a chance to work on. These issues generally include PC board design, cables, shielding, and filtering. More detailed information may be found in the Reference section below. As … [Read more...]
Basic EMC Concepts
Introduction Understanding EMC is all about two important concepts: (1) all currents flow in loops and (2) high frequency signals are propagated as electromagnetic waves in transmission lines. Currents Flow in Loops These two concepts are closely related and coupled to one another. The problem we circuit designers miss is defining the return path back to the source. If you … [Read more...]
Techniques For Mitigating Intrapair Skew-Induced EMI With Shielded Connectors
Introduction EMI stands for electromagnetic interference. There are several methods of EMI transmission from the source to the victim. Two of them are radiated EMI and conducted EMI. Radiated EMI happens when an electrical device produces an RF signal that is picked up and causes unwanted effects. Conducted EMI is unintentional energy carried out of the source via signal … [Read more...]
Connectivity for Off-Road Vehicles – Part 1
Introduction With over 1.4 billion cars worldwide, it is easy to assume that the only product of the automotive industry is the family car. However, the market for industrial, commercial, and agricultural vehicles is not only growing, but it is also embracing the latest technology. Even as these vehicles are becoming increasingly sophisticated, a significant number will … [Read more...]
A Beginner’s Guide to EMP Filters – Part 2
Resiliency of Critical Infrastructure Presidential Policy Directive (PPD) -21, Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience directs all federal departments and agencies to identify, prioritize and provide a plan to protect their physical and cyber critical infrastructure. The U.S. Department of Labor created the DOL Critical Infrastructure Security & Resilience Program … [Read more...]
A Beginner’s Guide to EMP Filters – Part 1
Introduction While many may be concerned by an outright nuclear attack on US soil, the emerging clear and present danger predicted by government and private think tanks is Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) threats. Such a threat, carried out by strategically placed land devices, could be catastrophic to virtually every facet of our civilization. Organizations both public and … [Read more...]
Fundamental Oscilloscope Probes
As electronics have become more advanced, so has the equipment used to measure their signal behavior and system performance. In the realm of EMC compliance, oscilloscopes are one of the important tools used to measure signals, hunt down noise sources, and identify time-domain measurements that may contribute to radiated or conducted emissions. Without a properly selected probe, … [Read more...]
The Voltage Rises
Santa Rosa, California, July 24th, 2023 – In the past, automobiles had minimal electrical systems and relied mainly on mechanical systems. Today, there are many electrical functions such as seat heating and cooling, comfort systems, and assistance systems that draw a lot of electricity from the battery. In a 12V vehicle electrical system, higher and higher currents must flow. … [Read more...]
Radiated Emissions Testing
INTRODUCTION Radiated emissions testing is only one part of emissions testing. CISPR 32, the document that lays out limits and methods of measurement for emissions (radiated and conducted) for Information Technology Equipment (ITE), broadcast receivers and multimedia equipment is 120 pages in length. ANSI C63.4 deals with only the testing part (limits are contained in a … [Read more...]
New Touchless Hidden Switch is Concealed Behind Surface
Santa Rosa, California, August 10th, 2023 – SCHURTER introduces the innovative THS switch series with optical sensor technology that can be concealed behind any surface without the need for mounting holes. A small opening in the user interface is all that is needed to allow the ToF sensor to actuate. Equipment and appliances used in public areas has created demand for … [Read more...]
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