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Differential-mode (DM) and Common-mode (CM) Wanted signals are always DM: they flow along the ‘send’ conductor, and flow back along the ‘return’ conductor(s). In single-ended signalling, all the return currents share a common conducting structure, usually the 0V of the […]
The Importance of the RF Reference The RF Reference is the node on a circuit’s schematic that we define as our reference voltage when designing an RF circuit or measuring its performance. For the most cost-effective EMC, all circuits (digital, […]
Ignoring all the poles and zeroes in the filter textbooks: filters work by creating an intentional discontinuity in the characteristic impedance of a current path, reflecting radio frequency (RF) energy away from a protected circuit, or absorbing the RF energy […]
Background With the trending small size of electronic devices coupled with higher data speeds, there is a merging of the increasing physical closeness among components and the shrinking wavelengths associated with higher speeds. As wavelengths shrink, they approach the physical […]
Introduction The European EMC Directive (2014/30/EU) was updated in 2014, replacing the old directive (2008/108/EC) and became mandatory from April 2016 for any new product entering the EU from that date onwards. The change of directive was aimed at aligning […]
Introduction EMI gaskets are used extensively by the electrical/electronic industry to assist in complying with the various EMI radiated emission requirements. These requirements include compliance to DoD TEMPEST and EMI, and FCC and EU EMI test limits. As a rule […]
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